Short-Term Effects (Minutes to Hours)
- ↑ Alertness, reaction time and focus
- ↓ Perceived fatigue (you still need sleep; you just notice tiredness less)
- ↑ Heart rate and blood pressure (especially in non-habitual drinkers)
- ↑ Stomach acid and gut motility → more bowel movements for some people
- Possible ↑ anxiety or “wired” feeling if your system is sensitive

